|
使用 NMAP(推荐)
依赖于 nmap, nmap 需要安装
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| nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 baidu.com
| 比如 GitHub 只支持 TLS1.2 和 TLS1.3:
在线验证
https://myssl.com/
https://www.ssleye.com/ssltool/cipher_suites.html
https://www.site24x7.com/zhcn/tools/tls-checker.html
使用 CURL 验证
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| curl --tlsv1 --tls-max 1.0 https://github.com
curl --tlsv1 --tls-max 1.0 https://www.baidu.com
| 报错说明不支持当前版本:
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| curl: (35) LibreSSL/3.3.6: error:1404B42E:SSL routines:ST_CONNECT:tlsv1 alert protocol version
| 使用 OpenSSL
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| # 验证TLS1.2
openssl s_client -connect www.baidu.com:443 -tls1_2
# 验证TLS1.1
openssl s_client -connect www.baidu.com:443 -tls1_1
# 验证TLS1.0
openssl s_client -connect www.baidu.com:443 -tls1
| 如果握手失败的话,那么就是不支持了。
服务端 TLS 版本配置
可以通过配置服务端,比如 nginx 来设置支持的 TLS 版本.
Nginx 配置修改
配置生成地址: https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/
注意: tls 版本的配置必须全局生效,如果你有多个 vhost,那么所有都需要修改,建议直接写到一个文件内,然后通过 include 的方式来引用。
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| # generated 2024-01-03, Mozilla Guideline v5.7, nginx 1.17.7, OpenSSL 1.1.1k, intermediate configuration
# https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/#server=nginx&version=1.17.7&config=intermediate&openssl=1.1.1k&guideline=5.7
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
location / {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
ssl_certificate /path/to/signed_cert_plus_intermediates;
ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private_key;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:MozSSL:10m; # about 40000 sessions
ssl_session_tickets off;
# curl https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/ffdhe2048.txt > /path/to/dhparam
ssl_dhparam /path/to/dhparam;
# intermediate configuration
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
# HSTS (ngx_http_headers_module is required) (63072000 seconds)
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000" always;
# OCSP stapling
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
# verify chain of trust of OCSP response using Root CA and Intermediate certs
ssl_trusted_certificate /path/to/root_CA_cert_plus_intermediates;
# replace with the IP address of your resolver
resolver 127.0.0.1;
}
| 常见问题
为什么启用了 TLS1.0,但是不生效
已经配置了 ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; ,但是不生效,这个和其他参数有关,比如 ssl_ciphers ,如果你启用了 TLSv1,但是协议不支持,那也是不能启用的。
比如在 AlmaLinux 9 下, 需要如下配置才能正常启用 TLS1.0 (主要是: ssl_ciphers DEFAULT:@SECLEVEL=0; 将安全级别调低 )
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| server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name a.i.com;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
ssl_certificate "i.com.crt";
ssl_certificate_key "i.com.key";
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:MozSSL:10m; # about 40000 sessions
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers DEFAULT:@SECLEVEL=0;
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
| 为什么禁用了 TLS1.0 ,但是不生效
原理类似上面,需要同步更改 ssl_ciphers 参数。 |
|