基于Qt的在QGraphicsView中绘制带有可动拐点的连线的一种方法
摘要:本文详细介绍了基于Qt框架在QGraphicsView 中实现带有可动拐点连线的绘制方法。通过自定CustomItem和CustomPath类,结合QGraphicsItem的几何变化事件与QPainterPath的路径绘制功能,实现了动态连线的基本框架。进一步探讨了平行线偏移规则的设计与拐点交叉问题的解决方案,通过角平分线计算和交叉检测优化路径连接效果。最终提出了一种支持用户拖拽拐点、自动刷新连线的交互式图形方案,并展示了代码实现与效果演示,为复杂图形编辑工具的开发提供了参考。关键词:QGraphicsView、QGraphicsItem、QPainterPath、可动拐点、平行线偏移、角平分线、交叉检测、Qt图形框架
完整代码见最后。
1、QGraphicsItem和QPainterPath的基础使用
做一点准备工作,先用一个简单的案例,创建代码基本框架。
问题描述:
已知起点和终点,如何绘制过两点的线段?
要求:点图形可动,连线图形可刷新
解决思路:
1、准备工作,需要创建可动的图形类CustomItem和连线类CustomPath,以便观察各种情况。
2、使用QPainterPath的moveTo()和lineTo()绘制连线。
3、在图形类CustomItem的itemChange函数中刷新连线。
代码如下:
class CustomPath;// 图形类,描述起点和终点class CustomItem : public QGraphicsRectItem{public: CustomItem(QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr); void addPath(CustomPath *path);protected: QVariant itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value) override;private: QList<CustomPath *> mPathList; // 连线列表};CustomItem::CustomItem(QGraphicsItem *parent) : QGraphicsRectItem(parent){ // 设置形状 setRect(-5, -5, 10, 10); // 设置颜色 setBrush(Qt::black); // 设置可移动 setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable, true); // 设置可发送几何变动,可在itemChange中进行检测 setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemSendsGeometryChanges, true);}// 添加连线void CustomItem::addPath(CustomPath *path){ mPathList.append(path);}QVariant CustomItem::itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value){ switch (change) { // 当位置变动时,刷新连线 case QGraphicsItem::ItemPositionHasChanged: { for (int i = 0, size = mPathList.size(); i < size; ++i) { mPathList.at(i)->updatePosition(); } } default: break; } return QGraphicsItem::itemChange(change, value);} 在这段代码中,创建了图形类CustomItem,设置图形可移动,同时在移动时刷新与图形相连的连线。
// 连线类,描述连线class CustomPath : public QGraphicsPathItem{public: CustomPath(QGraphicsItem *start, QGraphicsItem *end, QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr); void updatePosition(); // 刷新连线private: QGraphicsItem *mStartItem = nullptr;// 起点 QGraphicsItem *mEndItem = nullptr; // 终点};CustomPath::CustomPath(QGraphicsItem *start, QGraphicsItem *end, QGraphicsItem *parent) : QGraphicsPathItem(parent), mStartItem(start), mEndItem(end){ // 设置绘制画笔,颜色黑色,笔宽为1 setPen(QPen(Qt::black, 1));}// 刷新连线void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ // 获取两端的位置 QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); // 绘制连线 QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(start_pos); path.lineTo(end_pos); // 设置连线 setPath(path);} 在这段代码中,创建了连线类CustomPath,主要作用是刷新连线updatePosition函数。
// 创建画布 QGraphicsScene *scene = new QGraphicsScene(this); ui->graphicsView->setScene(scene); // 创建起点 CustomItem *item_start = new CustomItem; item_start->setPos(100, 100); scene->addItem(item_start); // 创建终点 CustomItem *item_end = new CustomItem; item_end->setPos(200, 200); scene->addItem(item_end); // 创建连线 CustomPath *path = new CustomPath(item_start, item_end); item_start->addPath(path); item_end->addPath(path); path->updatePosition(); scene->addItem(path); 在这段代码中,创建了点A和点B,设置它们的位置,创建了连线并刷新。
效果如下:
2、如何创建平行线
现在要在同一个连线类CustomPath中绘制两条连线,引出偏移规则的确定方法。
问题描述:
现有点A和点B,分别在其周围找两点(点A1A2,点B1B2),如何绘制两条平行线?
解决思路:
只需确定偏移规则。比如这两点分别位于点的左右或者上下两侧。这里设置为左右偏移5个像素点。
代码如下:
void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); // 起点左右偏移 QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + QPointF(-5, 0); QPointF start_p2 = start_pos + QPointF(5, 0); // 终点左右偏移 QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + QPointF(-5, 0); QPointF end_p2 = end_pos + QPointF(5, 0); // 两次连线 QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(start_p1); path.lineTo(end_p1); path.moveTo(start_p2); path.lineTo(end_p2); setPath(path);} 这段代码中,将起点和终点分别左右偏移五个像素,然后连线,使用两次moveTo()和lineTo()。
效果如下:
3、偏移规则的问题
问题描述:
可以发现(如图),当移动两个点位于同一水平线时,连线会发生重叠。
解决思路:
这是由于偏移规则的缺陷。无论是上下偏移还是左右偏移或者其他的偏移,都会产生这种情况。
那么,这两个偏移点必须根据情况发生变化。
确定新的偏移规则:斜向偏移,直线如果斜向右上(或者斜向左下),则偏移点为(5,5)和(-5,-5);直线如果斜向左上(或者斜向右下),则偏移点为(5,-5)和(-5,5)。
代码如下:
// 偏移规则QPointF CustomPath::getOffset(const QPointF &p1, const QPointF &p2){ QPointF dp = p1 - p2; QPointF offset; // 根据差值判断 if (dp.x() * dp.y() >= 0) { // 设置偏移量 offset = QPointF(-5, 5); } else { offset = QPointF(5, 5); } return offset;}void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); QPointF offset = getOffset(start_pos, end_pos); // 起点和终点偏移 QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset; QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset; QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset; QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset; QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(start_p1); path.lineTo(end_p1); path.moveTo(start_p2); path.lineTo(end_p2); setPath(path);} 在这段代码中,使用了两点xy轴的差值进行判断斜向方向,同时设置了偏移量。
效果如下:
4、带有拐点的连线
问题描述:
重新从解决简单的问题开始:现在有点X,需要创建从A->X->B的单条连线,如何实现?
解决思路:
确定拐点位置,插入使用lineTo()即可。
代码如下:
// 拐点类class CustomPoint : public QGraphicsEllipseItem{public: CustomPoint(QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr); void setPathItem(CustomPath *pathItem);protected: QVariant itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value) override;private: CustomPath *mPathItem = nullptr; // 拐点所属连线};CustomPoint::CustomPoint(QGraphicsItem *parent) : QGraphicsEllipseItem(parent){ // 设置图形为圆形 setRect(-2, -2, 4, 4); setBrush(Qt::black); setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable, true); setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemSendsGeometryChanges, true);}QVariant CustomPoint::itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value){ switch (change) { case QGraphicsItem::ItemPositionHasChanged: { // 当拐点位置发生变化,刷新连线 if (mPathItem) { mPathItem->updatePosition(); } } default: break; } return QGraphicsItem::itemChange(change, value);}void CustomPoint::setPathItem(CustomPath *pathItem){ mPathItem = pathItem;} 在这段代码中,创建了拐点类CustomPoint,设置它的形状、笔刷、可移动属性;当拐点位置发生变化时,刷线连线。
// 对部分代码进行修改class CustomPath : public QGraphicsPathItem{public: CustomPath(QGraphicsItem *start, QGraphicsItem *end, QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr); void updatePosition(); void setPoint(CustomPoint *point); // 设置拐点private: QGraphicsItem *mStartItem = nullptr; QGraphicsItem *mEndItem = nullptr; CustomPoint *mPoint = nullptr;// 拐点};void CustomPath::setPoint(CustomPoint *point){ mPoint = point;}void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos(); QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(start_pos); path.lineTo(point_pos); // 从起点->拐点->终点 path.lineTo(end_pos); setPath(path);} // 修改使用代码 QGraphicsScene *scene = new QGraphicsScene(this); ui->graphicsView->setScene(scene); // 创建起点 CustomItem *item_start = new CustomItem; item_start->setPos(100, 100); scene->addItem(item_start); // 创建终点 CustomItem *item_end = new CustomItem; item_end->setPos(200, 200); scene->addItem(item_end); // 创建连线 CustomPath *path = new CustomPath(item_start, item_end); item_start->addPath(path); item_end->addPath(path); scene->addItem(path); // 添加拐点图形 CustomPoint *point = new CustomPoint(path); point->setPos(100, 150); path->setPoint(point);// 设置拐点 point->setPathItem(path); // 设置连线 path->updatePosition(); 在这段代码中,对部分代码进行修改:在连线类中添加了拐点成员,在刷新连线函数中连线到拐点,在实际使用代码中添加了拐点图形,在最后刷新图形连线。
效果如下:
5、带有拐点的两条平行线
问题描述:
那么如何绘制带有拐点的两条连线呢?
解决思路:
直接将偏移规则应用到拐点位置,根据起点和拐点位置(或者拐点和终点位置)确定偏移,会如何?
代码如下:
void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos(); // 计算偏移 QPointF offset_sp = getOffset(start_pos, point_pos); QPointF offset_pe = getOffset(point_pos, end_pos); // 起点偏移 QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset_sp; QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset_sp; // 拐点对起点偏移 QPointF point_ps1 = point_pos + offset_sp; QPointF point_ps2 = point_pos - offset_sp; // 拐点对终点偏移// QPointF point_pe1 = point_pos + offset_pe;// QPointF point_pe2 = point_pos - offset_pe; // 终点偏移 QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset_pe; QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset_pe; // 使用两个 QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(start_p1); path.lineTo(point_ps1);// path.lineTo(point_pe1); path.lineTo(end_p1); path.moveTo(start_p2); path.lineTo(point_ps2);// path.lineTo(point_pe2); path.lineTo(end_p2); // 使用四个// {// path.moveTo(start_p1);// path.lineTo(point_ps1);// path.moveTo(point_pe1);// path.lineTo(end_p1);// path.moveTo(start_p2);// path.lineTo(point_ps2);// path.moveTo(point_pe2);// path.lineTo(end_p2);// } setPath(path);} 在调整代码的过程中,就会发现,在拐点对起点和拐点对终点应用偏移规则时,会产生四个偏移点。
只使用其中两个会发生什么情况?使用四个会发生什么情况?
效果如下:
使用两个的情况:可以看到连线产生了交错,并且某些角度情况下发生重合。
使用四个的情况:可以看到连线产生交错,并且某些角度下连接点错开。
6、拐点处的偏移问题
问题描述:
如果对拐点也应用偏移规则,使用两个点,会产生交错的情况;使用四个点,不仅会产生交错,而且会断开。
解决思路:
拐点处的偏移点应该只可以有两个;其偏移点只对一个点应用;考虑使用角平分线。
方案就是:起点-拐点-终点,形成一个角度,计算出角平分线;过起点的两个偏移点,作起点和拐点连线的两条平行线;这两条平行线和角平分线的交点,作为拐点处的偏移点;然后连接拐点处偏移点和终点偏移点,形成连线。
代码如下:
// 计算角平分线QLineF CustomPath::calculateAngleBisector(const QPointF &start, const QPointF &mid, const QPointF &end){ // 计算向量A和B QPointF vectorA = start - mid; QPointF vectorB = end - mid; // 归一化向量A和B qreal lengthA = std::hypot(vectorA.x(), vectorA.y()); qreal lengthB = std::hypot(vectorB.x(), vectorB.y()); QPointF unitA = vectorA / lengthA; QPointF unitB = vectorB / lengthB; // 计算角平分线向量 QPointF bisector = unitA + unitB; // 如果共线则向量为零,需要使用垂线 if (bisector.isNull()) { bisector = QPointF(-unitA.y(), unitA.x()); } // 归一化角平分线向量 qreal lengthBisector = std::hypot(bisector.x(), bisector.y()); QPointF unitBisector = bisector / lengthBisector; // 从中点出发,沿角平分线方向绘制一条直线 QPointF bisectorEnd = mid + unitBisector * 100; // 100为长度,可根据需要调整 QPointF bisectorEnd_n = mid - unitBisector * 100; return QLineF(bisectorEnd_n, bisectorEnd); // return unitBisector;}// 计算过p点的l1的平行线与bisector_line的交点QPointF CustomPath::calculateBisectorPoint(const QLineF &l1, const QLineF &bisector_line, const QPointF &p){ // 起点到拐点连线的向量 QPointF lp(l1.p2() - l1.p1()); qreal length = std::hypot(lp.x(), lp.y()); QPointF unit = lp / length; // 过偏移点的平行线 QLineF line(p, p+unit*100); // 计算交点 QPointF intersection; QLineF::IntersectType type = line.intersects(bisector_line, &intersection); return intersection;}void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos(); // 计算偏移 QPointF offset_sp = getOffset(start_pos, point_pos); QPointF offset_pe = getOffset(point_pos, end_pos); // 起点偏移 QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset_sp; QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset_sp; // 终点偏移 QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset_pe; QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset_pe; // 计算角平分线 QLineF bisector_line = calculateAngleBisector(start_pos, point_pos, end_pos); QLineF start_line(start_pos, point_pos); // 计算交点 QPointF p1_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p1); QPointF p2_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p2); // 连线 QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(start_p1); path.lineTo(p1_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p1); path.moveTo(start_p2); path.lineTo(p2_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p2); setPath(path);} 在这段代码中,计算起点-拐点-终点形成角度的角平分线,考虑三点共线情况下,使用垂线向量;然后有起点到拐点的连线,过两起点偏移点,作平行线,并得到和角平分线的交点;从交点连线到终点偏移点。
效果如图:
可见在拐点和终点的两条连线发生了交叉,继续完善。
7、后半段交叉问题
问题描述:
偏移点并不总是对应的,拐点到终点的连线发生了交叉。
解决思路:
判断后半段是否交叉,如果交叉,则互换偏移点。
代码如下:
// 判断是否交叉bool CustomPath::calculateLineIsIntersect(const QPointF &start1, const QPointF &end1, const QPointF &start2, const QPointF &end2){ QLineF line1(start1, end1); QLineF line2(start2, end2); QPointF intersection; QLineF::IntersectType type = line1.intersects(line2, &intersection); if (type == QLineF::BoundedIntersection && ! intersection.isNull()) { return true; } else { return false; }}void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos(); QPointF offset_sp = getOffset(start_pos, point_pos); QPointF offset_pe = getOffset(point_pos, end_pos); QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset_sp; QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset_sp; QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset_pe; QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset_pe; // 计算角平分线 QLineF bisector_line = calculateAngleBisector(start_pos, point_pos, end_pos); QLineF start_line(start_pos, point_pos); // 计算交点 QPointF p1_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p1); QPointF p2_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p2); QPainterPath path; // 前半段 path.moveTo(start_p1); path.lineTo(p1_bst_itst); path.moveTo(start_p2); path.lineTo(p2_bst_itst); // 后半段,判断是否交叉 if (calculateLineIsIntersect(end_p1, p1_bst_itst, end_p2, p2_bst_itst)) { // 如果交叉 path.moveTo(p1_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p2); path.moveTo(p2_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p1); } else { path.moveTo(p1_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p1); path.moveTo(p2_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p2); } setPath(path);} 在这段代码中,修改了绘制连线的顺序,先绘制前半段,再绘制后半段;如果后半段发生交叉,则互换最后的终点偏移点。
效果如下:
可见当形成的角度极小的时候,拐点处会极度尖锐,对这个问题我没有很好的办法。还好拐点是可以移动的。如果你有想法,欢迎共同讨论。
总结:
本文系统性地解决了在Qt图形视图中绘制动态连线的技术难点。首先,通过继承QGraphicsItem实现可拖拽的图形项CustomItem,利用itemChange事件触发连线刷新,确保了图形与路径的实时联动。其次,引入CustomPath类管理路径绘制,通过QPainterPath灵活构建线段与拐点连接逻辑。针对平行线偏移问题,提出基于斜向偏移与角平分线的动态调整策略,有效避免了路径重叠与错位。然而,在极端角度下拐点处仍可能因偏移计算产生尖锐连接,需进一步优化算法或引入平滑曲线处理。
完整代码:
[*]mainwindow.h
点击折叠或展开代码#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H#define MAINWINDOW_H#include <QMainWindow>#include <QtWidgets>QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACEnamespace Ui { class MainWindow; }QT_END_NAMESPACEclass CustomPath;class CustomPoint;// 图形类,描述起点和终点class CustomItem : public QGraphicsRectItem{public: CustomItem(QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr); void addPath(CustomPath *path);protected: QVariant itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value) override;private: QList<CustomPath *> mPathList; // 连线列表};// 连线类,描述连线class CustomPath : public QGraphicsPathItem{public: CustomPath(QGraphicsItem *start, QGraphicsItem *end, QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr); void updatePosition(); // 刷新连线 void setPoint(CustomPoint *point); // 设置拐点private: QGraphicsItem *mStartItem = nullptr;// 起点 QGraphicsItem *mEndItem = nullptr; // 终点 CustomPoint *mPoint = nullptr; // 拐点 QPointF getOffset(const QPointF &p1, const QPointF &p2); QLineF calculateAngleBisector(const QPointF& start, const QPointF& mid, const QPointF& end); QPointF calculateBisectorPoint(const QLineF &l1, const QLineF &bisector_line, const QPointF &p); bool calculateLineIsIntersect(const QPointF &start1, const QPointF &end1, const QPointF &start2, const QPointF &end2);};// 拐点类class CustomPoint : public QGraphicsEllipseItem{public: CustomPoint(QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr); void setPathItem(CustomPath *pathItem);protected: QVariant itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value) override;private: CustomPath *mPathItem = nullptr; // 拐点所属连线};class MainWindow : public QMainWindow{ Q_OBJECTpublic: MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr); ~MainWindow();private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; void initGraphics();};#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
[*]mainwindow.cpp
点击折叠或展开代码#include "mainwindow.h"#include "ui_mainwindow.h"MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) , ui(new Ui::MainWindow){ ui->setupUi(this); initGraphics();}MainWindow::~MainWindow(){ delete ui;}// 问题1、2、3//void MainWindow::initGraphics()//{// // 创建画布// QGraphicsScene *scene = new QGraphicsScene(this);// ui->graphicsView->setScene(scene);// // 创建起点// CustomItem *item_start = new CustomItem;// item_start->setPos(100, 100);// scene->addItem(item_start);// // 创建终点// CustomItem *item_end = new CustomItem;// item_end->setPos(200, 200);// scene->addItem(item_end);// // 创建连线// CustomPath *path = new CustomPath(item_start, item_end);// item_start->addPath(path);// item_end->addPath(path);// scene->addItem(path);// path->updatePosition();//}// 问题4、5void MainWindow::initGraphics(){ QGraphicsScene *scene = new QGraphicsScene(this); ui->graphicsView->setScene(scene); CustomItem *item_start = new CustomItem; item_start->setPos(100, 100); scene->addItem(item_start); CustomItem *item_end = new CustomItem; item_end->setPos(200, 200); scene->addItem(item_end); CustomPath *path = new CustomPath(item_start, item_end); item_start->addPath(path); item_end->addPath(path); scene->addItem(path); // 添加拐点图形 CustomPoint *point = new CustomPoint(path); point->setPos(100, 150); path->setPoint(point); point->setPathItem(path); path->updatePosition();}CustomItem::CustomItem(QGraphicsItem *parent) : QGraphicsRectItem(parent){ // 设置形状 setRect(-5, -5, 10, 10); // 设置颜色 setBrush(Qt::black); // 设置可移动 setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable, true); // 设置可发送几何变动,可在itemChange中进行检测 setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemSendsGeometryChanges, true);}// 添加连线void CustomItem::addPath(CustomPath *path){ mPathList.append(path);}QVariant CustomItem::itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value){ switch (change) { // 当位置变动时,刷新连线 case QGraphicsItem::ItemPositionHasChanged: { for (int i = 0, size = mPathList.size(); i < size; ++i) { mPathList.at(i)->updatePosition(); } } default: break; } return QGraphicsItem::itemChange(change, value);}CustomPath::CustomPath(QGraphicsItem *start, QGraphicsItem *end, QGraphicsItem *parent) : QGraphicsPathItem(parent), mStartItem(start), mEndItem(end){ // 设置绘制画笔,颜色黑色,笔宽为1 setPen(QPen(Qt::black, 1));}// 问题1//void CustomPath::updatePosition()//{// // 获取两端的位置// QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos();// QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos();// // 绘制连线// QPainterPath path;// path.moveTo(start_pos);// path.lineTo(end_pos);// // 设置连线// setPath(path);//}// 问题2//void CustomPath::updatePosition()//{// QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos();// QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos();// // 起点左右偏移// QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + QPointF(-5, 0);// QPointF start_p2 = start_pos + QPointF(5, 0);// // 终点左右偏移// QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + QPointF(-5, 0);// QPointF end_p2 = end_pos + QPointF(5, 0);// // 两次连线// QPainterPath path;// path.moveTo(start_p1);// path.lineTo(end_p1);// path.moveTo(start_p2);// path.lineTo(end_p2);// setPath(path);//}QPointF CustomPath::getOffset(const QPointF &p1, const QPointF &p2){ QPointF dp = p1 - p2; QPointF offset; // 根据差值判断 if (dp.x() * dp.y() >= 0) { // 设置偏移量 offset = QPointF(-5, 5); } else { offset = QPointF(5, 5); } return offset;}// 问题3//void CustomPath::updatePosition()//{// QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos();// QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos();// QPointF offset = getOffset(start_pos, end_pos);// // 起点和终点偏移// QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset;// QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset;// QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset;// QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset;// QPainterPath path;// path.moveTo(start_p1);// path.lineTo(end_p1);// path.moveTo(start_p2);// path.lineTo(end_p2);// setPath(path);//}// 问题4//void CustomPath::updatePosition()//{// QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos();// QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos();// QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos();// QPainterPath path;// path.moveTo(start_pos);// path.lineTo(point_pos); // 从起点->拐点->终点// path.lineTo(end_pos);// setPath(path);//}// 问题5//void CustomPath::updatePosition()//{// QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos();// QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos();// QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos();// // 计算偏移// QPointF offset_sp = getOffset(start_pos, point_pos);// QPointF offset_pe = getOffset(point_pos, end_pos);// // 起点偏移// QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset_sp;// QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset_sp;// // 拐点对起点偏移// QPointF point_ps1 = point_pos + offset_sp;// QPointF point_ps2 = point_pos - offset_sp;// // 拐点对终点偏移// QPointF point_pe1 = point_pos + offset_pe;// QPointF point_pe2 = point_pos - offset_pe;// // 终点偏移// QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset_pe;// QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset_pe;// // 使用两个// QPainterPath path;// path.moveTo(start_p1);// path.lineTo(point_ps1);//// path.lineTo(point_pe1);// path.lineTo(end_p1);// path.moveTo(start_p2);// path.lineTo(point_ps2);//// path.lineTo(point_pe2);// path.lineTo(end_p2);// // 使用四个//// {//// path.moveTo(start_p1);//// path.lineTo(point_ps1);//// path.moveTo(point_pe1);//// path.lineTo(end_p1);//// path.moveTo(start_p2);//// path.lineTo(point_ps2);//// path.moveTo(point_pe2);//// path.lineTo(end_p2);//// }// setPath(path);//}// 问题6//void CustomPath::updatePosition()//{// QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos();// QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos();// QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos();// QPointF offset_sp = getOffset(start_pos, point_pos);// QPointF offset_pe = getOffset(point_pos, end_pos);// QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset_sp;// QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset_sp;// QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset_pe;// QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset_pe;// // 计算角平分线// QLineF bisector_line = calculateAngleBisector(start_pos, point_pos, end_pos);// QLineF start_line(start_pos, point_pos);// // 计算交点// QPointF p1_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p1);// QPointF p2_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p2);// QPainterPath path;// path.moveTo(start_p1);// path.lineTo(p1_bst_itst);// path.lineTo(end_p1);// path.moveTo(start_p2);// path.lineTo(p2_bst_itst);// path.lineTo(end_p2);// setPath(path);//}// 问题7void CustomPath::updatePosition(){ QPointF start_pos = mStartItem->pos(); QPointF end_pos = mEndItem->pos(); QPointF point_pos = mPoint->pos(); QPointF offset_sp = getOffset(start_pos, point_pos); QPointF offset_pe = getOffset(point_pos, end_pos); QPointF start_p1 = start_pos + offset_sp; QPointF start_p2 = start_pos - offset_sp; QPointF end_p1 = end_pos + offset_pe; QPointF end_p2 = end_pos - offset_pe; // 计算角平分线 QLineF bisector_line = calculateAngleBisector(start_pos, point_pos, end_pos); QLineF start_line(start_pos, point_pos); // 计算交点 QPointF p1_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p1); QPointF p2_bst_itst = calculateBisectorPoint(start_line, bisector_line, start_p2); QPainterPath path; // 前半段 path.moveTo(start_p1); path.lineTo(p1_bst_itst); path.moveTo(start_p2); path.lineTo(p2_bst_itst); // 后半段,判断是否交叉 if (calculateLineIsIntersect(end_p1, p1_bst_itst, end_p2, p2_bst_itst)) { // 如果交叉 path.moveTo(p1_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p2); path.moveTo(p2_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p1); } else { path.moveTo(p1_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p1); path.moveTo(p2_bst_itst); path.lineTo(end_p2); } setPath(path);}// 计算角平分线QLineF CustomPath::calculateAngleBisector(const QPointF &start, const QPointF &mid, const QPointF &end){ // 计算向量A和B QPointF vectorA = start - mid; QPointF vectorB = end - mid; // 归一化向量A和B qreal lengthA = std::hypot(vectorA.x(), vectorA.y()); qreal lengthB = std::hypot(vectorB.x(), vectorB.y()); QPointF unitA = vectorA / lengthA; QPointF unitB = vectorB / lengthB; // 计算角平分线向量 QPointF bisector = unitA + unitB; // 如果共线则向量为零,需要使用垂线 if (bisector.isNull()) { bisector = QPointF(-unitA.y(), unitA.x()); } // 归一化角平分线向量 qreal lengthBisector = std::hypot(bisector.x(), bisector.y()); QPointF unitBisector = bisector / lengthBisector; // 从中点出发,沿角平分线方向绘制一条直线 QPointF bisectorEnd = mid + unitBisector * 100; // 100为长度,可根据需要调整 QPointF bisectorEnd_n = mid - unitBisector * 100; return QLineF(bisectorEnd_n, bisectorEnd); // return unitBisector;}// 计算过p点的l1的平行线与bisector_line的交点QPointF CustomPath::calculateBisectorPoint(const QLineF &l1, const QLineF &bisector_line, const QPointF &p){ // 起点到拐点连线的向量 QPointF lp(l1.p2() - l1.p1()); qreal length = std::hypot(lp.x(), lp.y()); QPointF unit = lp / length; // 过偏移点的平行线 QLineF line(p, p+unit*100); // 计算交点 QPointF intersection; QLineF::IntersectType type = line.intersects(bisector_line, &intersection); return intersection;}// 判断是否交叉bool CustomPath::calculateLineIsIntersect(const QPointF &start1, const QPointF &end1, const QPointF &start2, const QPointF &end2){ QLineF line1(start1, end1); QLineF line2(start2, end2); QPointF intersection; QLineF::IntersectType type = line1.intersects(line2, &intersection); if (type == QLineF::BoundedIntersection && ! intersection.isNull()) { return true; } else { return false; }}void CustomPath::setPoint(CustomPoint *point){ mPoint = point;}CustomPoint::CustomPoint(QGraphicsItem *parent) : QGraphicsEllipseItem(parent){ // 设置图形为圆形 setRect(-2, -2, 4, 4); setBrush(Qt::black); setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable, true); setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemSendsGeometryChanges, true);}QVariant CustomPoint::itemChange(QGraphicsItem::GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value){ switch (change) { case QGraphicsItem::ItemPositionHasChanged: { // 当拐点位置发生变化,刷新连线 if (mPathItem) { mPathItem->updatePosition(); } } default: break; } return QGraphicsItem::itemChange(change, value);}void CustomPoint::setPathItem(CustomPath *pathItem){ mPathItem = pathItem;}
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